Africa Squeezed Between Import Substitution and Dependency Syndrome
09 January 2026, 08:15 
MOSCOW, January 8 (IPS) - Squeezed between import substitution and dependency syndrome, a condition characterized by a set of associated economic symptoms—that is rules and regulations—majority of African countries are shifting from United States and Europe to an incoherent alternative bilateral partnerships with Russia, China and the Global South.
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Global Issues News Headlines
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